Top 20 Test Cases for Common Web Applications – Login, Signup, Cart, Payment

1. Login Module – Test Cases

#	Test Scenario	Test Steps	Expected Result	Type
1	Log in with valid credentials	Enter a valid email and password, and click Login	User is logged in and dashboard is shown	Positive
2	Login with invalid password	Enter valid email and wrong password, click Login	Error message is shown	Negative
3	Login with empty fields	Click Login without entering any data	Validation messages are displayed	Negative
4	Remember Me functionality	Check "Remember Me", login, logout, revisit login page	Email should be pre-filled	Positive
5	Forgot password link	Click "Forgot Password", enter email	Password reset link is sent	Positive

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📝 2. Signup Module – Test Cases

#	Test Scenario	Test Steps	Expected Result	Type
6	Signup with valid details	Fill form with valid data and submit	Account is created successfully	Positive
7	Email already registered	Enter an already used email and submit	Error: Email already exists	Negative
8	Signup with weak password	Enter a password like "123"	Error: Weak password warning	Negative
9	Password and Confirm Password mismatch	Enter different passwords	Error: Passwords do not match	Negative
10	Signup without accepting terms	Leave "Terms & Conditions" unchecked and submit	Error: Must accept terms	Negative

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🛒 3. Shopping Cart – Test Cases

#	Test Scenario	Test Steps	Expected Result	Type
11	Add product to cart	Click "Add to Cart" on a product	Product appears in cart	Positive
12	Remove product from cart	Click "Remove" in cart page	Product is removed	Positive
13	Change product quantity	Increase quantity from 1 to 3	Total price updates correctly	Positive
14	Cart total calculation	Add multiple products, verify total	Cart total is correct	Positive
15	Checkout with empty cart	Click checkout without any items	Warning: Cart is empty	Negative

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💳 4. Payment Module – Test Cases

#	Test Scenario	Test Steps	Expected Result	Type
16	Payment with valid card	Enter valid card details and click Pay	Payment successful message	Positive
17	Payment with invalid card number	Enter fake card number	Error: Invalid card	Negative
18	Payment with expired card	Enter an expired card	Error: Card expired	Negative
19	Payment network failure	Simulate network loss during payment	Transaction failed, retry option shown	Negative
20	Redirect after payment	Complete payment	User is redirected to order confirmation	Positive

---

📌 Summary

• Login & Signup: Focus on security and validation
• Cart: Focus on calculations and user actions
• Payment: Focus on edge cases, failures, and redirects

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Selenium WebDriver Interview Questions with Java Code – Real-Time Examples

Are you preparing for a Selenium WebDriver interview? Below are the most frequently asked Selenium interview questions with Java code examples. These cover real-time scenarios and will help both freshers and experienced testers gain confidence.

---

1. What is Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver is a web automation tool used to automate browser actions like clicking, typing, navigating, etc. It provides a programming interface to create and run test cases.

Java Example:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("login")).click();

---

2. How do you launch a browser in Selenium?

Using the WebDriver interface and browser-specific driver classes like ChromeDriver or FirefoxDriver.

Java Example:

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://google.com");

---

3. How to locate elements in Selenium?

Using locators: id, name, className, cssSelector, xpath, linkText, tagName

Java Example:

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("admin123");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@type='submit']")).click();

---

4. What is the difference between findElement() and findElements()?

findElement()	findElements()
Returns a single WebElement	Returns a list of WebElements
Throws NoSuchElementException if not found	Returns an empty list if not found

---

5. How do you handle dropdowns in Selenium?

Using the Select class.

Java Example:

WebElement dropdown = driver.findElement(By.id("country"));
Select select = new Select(dropdown);
select.selectByVisibleText("India");

---

6. How to handle alerts in Selenium?

Java Example:

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
System.out.println(alert.getText());
alert.accept(); // or alert.dismiss();

---

7. How do you handle multiple windows in Selenium?

String parent = driver.getWindowHandle();
Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String window : allWindows) {
    if (!window.equals(parent)) {
        driver.switchTo().window(window);
        driver.close();
    }
}
driver.switchTo().window(parent);

---

8. How to perform mouse hover in Selenium?

Actions action = new Actions(driver);
WebElement menu = driver.findElement(By.id("menu"));
action.moveToElement(menu).perform();

---

9. How do you handle dynamic elements?

Use dynamic XPath or wait strategies like explicit wait.

Example using XPath:

//input[contains(@id, 'user')]

Example using Explicit Wait:

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("username")));

---

10. What are Waits in Selenium?

• Implicit Wait – waits globally
• Explicit Wait – waits for specific conditions
• Fluent Wait – waits with a polling interval

Example – Implicit Wait:

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));

---

11. How do you take a screenshot in Selenium?

TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
File src = ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(src, new File("screenshot.png"));

---

12. How do you handle frames?

driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
// Perform actions inside frame
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

---

13. How do you perform scrolling in Selenium?

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,500)");

---

14. How do you validate a page title or URL?

Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "Expected Title");
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("dashboard"));

---

15. What is Page Object Model (POM)?

POM is a design pattern where each web page is represented as a class. Elements are defined as variables, and actions are methods.

Example:

public class LoginPage {
  WebDriver driver;
  
  @FindBy(id="username") WebElement username;
  @FindBy(id="password") WebElement password;
  @FindBy(id="login") WebElement loginBtn;

  public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
    PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
  }

  public void login(String user, String pass) {
    username.sendKeys(user);
    password.sendKeys(pass);
    loginBtn.click();
  }
}

---

16. How do you run tests in multiple browsers?

Use WebDriverManager and pass the browser as a parameter.

WebDriver driver;
if(browser.equals("chrome")){
   WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
   driver = new ChromeDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("firefox")){
   WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
   driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}

---

17. What is the difference between get() and navigate().to()?

• get() – loads a new page
• navigate().to() – can be used to go forward/backward in history

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18. What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit()?

• close() – closes current browser window
• quit() – closes all windows and ends session

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19. How to handle file upload?

driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys("C:\\path\\file.txt");

---

20. How to handle file download in Selenium?

File download requires browser settings using ChromeOptions or FirefoxProfile to set download paths.

---

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Top 30 Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers & Experienced

Top 30 Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers & Experienced

This article covers the most frequently asked manual testing questions with real-time examples, concepts like STLC, bug life cycle, and test techniques. Suitable for both freshers and experienced professionals.

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1. What is Software Testing?

Software Testing is the process of evaluating a software application to identify defects and ensure it meets the specified requirements.

Real-Time Scenario: Before launching an e-commerce website, testers validate the cart, payment, and checkout functionalities to avoid issues post-launch.

2. What are the different types of Software Testing?

• Manual Testing
• Automation Testing
• Functional Testing
• Non-Functional Testing (Performance, Security, Usability)
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• System Testing
• Acceptance Testing

3. What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

STLC is a sequence of activities conducted during testing:

1. Requirement Analysis
2. Test Planning
3. Test Case Development
4. Test Environment Setup
5. Test Execution
6. Test Cycle Closure

Real-Time Example: In a banking app, STLC ensures that login, balance view, and fund transfer are tested in an organised manner.

4. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

Criteria	Verification	Validation
Definition	Are we building the product right?	Are we building the right product?
Activity Type	Static	Dynamic
Examples	Reviews, Walkthroughs	Testing, UAT

5. Explain the Bug Life Cycle.

States: New → Assigned → Open → Fixed → Retest → Verified → Closed
Alternate States: Rejected, Deferred, Duplicate

Real-Time Scenario: A user reports login failure → Developer fixes it → Tester retests → Marks as Verified → Closed.

6. What is a Test Case?

Test Case ID	TC_001
Functionality	Login
Steps	1. Enter username 2. Enter password 3. Click Login
Expected Result	The dashboard is displayed

7. What is the difference between a Test Case and a Test Scenario?

Feature	Test Case	Test Scenario
Detail Level	Very detailed	High-level idea
Example	Validate login with valid creds	Test login functionality

8. What is a Defect?

A defect is a deviation from the expected result in the application.

Example: The Login button does not redirect to the home page.

9. What is Severity and Priority?

Term	Definition	Example
Severity	Impact of the defect on the system	App crashes → High Severity
Priority	The order in which the defect should be fixed	Fixing login issue → High Priority

10. What is Regression Testing?

Testing existing functionality to ensure new changes haven't broken anything.

Real-Time Scenario: After adding a "Save for Later" feature, re-test the cart, checkout, and payment flows.

11. What is Retesting?

Testing the defect after it’s fixed to verify it's resolved.

12. Difference Between Smoke and Sanity Testing?

Feature	Smoke Testing	Sanity Testing
Purpose	Basic build verification	Verify bug fixes/functional areas
Time	Initial build	After a minor release

13. What is Exploratory Testing?

Testing where test cases are not predefined. Tester explores the app on the fly.

Example: While testing a new travel app, testers explore unusual booking combinations.

14. What is Ad-hoc Testing?

Unplanned testing without documentation.

15. What is UAT (User Acceptance Testing)?

Testing is done by the end-user/client to confirm that the system meets business needs.

16. Difference Between Functional and Non-Functional Testing?

Feature	Functional Testing	Non-Functional Testing
Focus	What system does	How well does the system perform
Example	Login, Signup	Load time, security, UI usability

17. What is a Test Plan?

A document describing test scope, approach, resources, and schedule.

18. Explain Different Test Techniques.

• Equivalence Partitioning
• Boundary Value Analysis
• Decision Table Testing
• State Transition
• Error Guessing

19. What is Boundary Value Analysis?

Test inputs at the edge of input ranges.

Example: For age 18–60, test 17, 18, 60, 61.

20. What is Equivalence Partitioning?

Divides input data into valid and invalid classes.

21. What is a Traceability Matrix?

A document mapping requirements with test cases.

Requirement ID	Test Case ID
REQ-001	TC-001, TC-002

22. How do you handle a situation when a developer disagrees with your defect?

• Provide clear defect steps
• Attach screenshots or logs
• Discuss in defect triage meetings
• Use severity & requirement mapping

23. Explain a real-time scenario where you found a critical bug.

Example: In a food delivery app, placing an order deducted payment, but didn’t place the order. Severity: High, Priority: High.

24. What is Test Data?

Data used during test execution, e.g., usernames, passwords, and product IDs.

25. What are Entry and Exit Criteria?

Entry Criteria: Preconditions before testing start.
Exit Criteria: Conditions to conclude testing.

26. What is Compatibility Testing?

Testing on different browsers, devices, and OS.

27. How do you log bugs in a bug tracking tool (e.g., JIRA)?

1. Select project
2. Click “Create Issue”
3. Fill Summary, Steps to Reproduce, Environment, Severity
4. Attach screenshot/log
5. Assign to the developer

28. What is Risk-Based Testing?

Prioritising testing modules based on business impact and failure probability.

29. What is the difference between QA and QC?

QA (Quality Assurance)	QC (Quality Control)
Process-oriented	Product-oriented
Prevent defects	Identify defects

30. How do you ensure test coverage?

• Use requirement traceability
• Review test cases against each requirement
• Conduct peer reviews
• Track coverage in tools like TestLink or Excel

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Top 15 Test Cases for Login Page – Manual & Automation Examples (With Bug Scenarios)

Top 15 Test Cases for Login Page – Manual & Automation Examples (With Bug Scenarios)

Testing a login page is one of the most important tasks in software testing. Whether you’re preparing for a QA interview or writing real-time test cases for your web or mobile application, a login module provides many critical validations. In this post, you’ll learn manual test cases, common bugs, and Selenium automation examples for login functionality.

🔍 Why Login Page Testing Is Important?

• The first point of user interaction with the app
• Security entry point – needs proper validation
• The most common area where users face errors

📝 Top 15 Manual Test Cases for Login Page

Test Case ID	Scenario	Test Steps	Expected Result
TC001	Valid username and password	Enter valid credentials and click Login	The user should be redirected to the dashboard
TC002	Invalid password	Enter a valid username and the wrong password	The error message should appear
TC003	Blank username and password	Leave both fields blank and click Login	Validation messages should be displayed
TC004	Blank username only	Leave the username blank, enter the password, and click Login	The username required message should appear
TC005	Blank password only	Enter username, leave the password blank, click Login	Password required message should appear
TC006	SQL injection attempt	Enter "admin' OR 1=1--" as the username	Input should be rejected and sanitized
TC007	Special characters in the username	Enter special characters like '@#$%'	Error or input validation message should appear
TC008	The password field is masked	Check if the password is displayed as dots or asterisks	Characters should be hidden
TC009	Remember Me checkbox	Select the checkbox and log in	The user should stay logged in on the next visit
TC010	Forgot Password link	Click the link and validate the navigation	The user should go to the reset password screen
TC011	Case sensitivity	Enter uppercase instead of lowercase username	The system should handle case sensitivity properly
TC012	Browser Back button after login	Log in successfully and press the browser back button	The user should not return to the login page or see cached content
TC013	Multiple failed login attempts	Try logging in with the wrong password 5 times	Account lock or CAPTCHA should appear
TC014	Login session timeout	Login and remain idle	The session should expire after the defined timeout
TC015	Mobile responsiveness	Open the login page on mobile devices	The login form should render correctly on smaller screens

🐞 Common Bug Scenarios on Login Page

• Login accepts invalid email or empty credentials
• The password is visible even after clicking the "eye" toggle
• No validation messages for blank fields
• Incorrect redirect after login
• The session has not expired after logging out

🤖 Selenium Automation Example – Valid Login Test

@Test
public void validLoginTest() {
    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    driver.get("https://example.com/login");
    
    driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("testuser");
    driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("testpass");
    driver.findElement(By.id("loginBtn")).click();
    
    String expectedTitle = "Dashboard";
    String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
    Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);

    driver.quit();
}

This Selenium test script verifies a successful login using valid credentials. You can also write negative test cases using invalid passwords and assert error messages.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

🔍 Role of AI in Software Testing – What’s Changing?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing software testing by automating complex tasks, enhancing accuracy, and speeding up delivery cycles. Traditional manual and scripted automation testing often require significant human effort and time. AI brings intelligence, learning capability, and efficiency to testing processes.

🧠 Traditional Testing vs AI-Driven Testing

Feature/Aspect	Traditional Testing	AI-Driven Testing
Test Case Creation	Manual or script-based	Auto-generated using ML from usage patterns
Test Execution	Manual or automated scripts	Intelligent execution, self-healing scripts
Defect Prediction	Based on past human knowledge	Predicts based on data patterns
Test Maintenance	High effort for UI changes	AI auto-updates test cases (self-healing)
Data Handling	Manually prepared test data	AI generates synthetic test data
Test Coverage	Based on human planning	Expanded through AI-driven analysis

🚀 Key Ways AI Is Changing Software Testing

1. Test Case Generation

AI analyzes user behavior, logs, and requirements to automatically generate test cases. This saves time and reduces missed edge cases.

2. Test Suite Optimization

AI identifies redundant or low-value test cases, prioritizing high-risk areas for faster regression cycles.

3. Self-Healing Test Scripts

When UI changes occur (e.g., button ID or label changes), AI automatically updates scripts without manual intervention.

4. Defect Prediction and Root Cause Analysis

Machine Learning models can predict bugs based on historical data and help identify the root cause of test failures.

5. Visual Testing with AI

AI-based visual tools like Applitools use image recognition to detect layout/UI bugs traditional testing might miss.

6. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Tools like Testim and Mabl use NLP to convert plain English into test cases, simplifying test writing.

7. AI in Performance Testing

AI detects performance bottlenecks, predicts infrastructure needs, and smartly scales during load testing.

🧪 Tools Using AI in Testing

Tool	AI Features Included
Testim	AI-based test case generation and maintenance
Mabl	Intelligent test execution, self-healing tests
Applitools	Visual AI testing and UI validation
Functionize	NLP-based test creation and execution
ACCELQ	Autonomous test generation and planning

✅ Benefits of AI in Testing

• Faster time to market
• Reduced manual effort
• Improved accuracy
• Smarter test coverage
• Adaptive to frequent changes (Agile/CI-CD)

🧩 Challenges & Considerations

• Initial tool learning curve and training data needs
• False positives/negatives from poorly trained models
• Still requires human validation for business logic
• Limited in certain non-functional testing areas (e.g., accessibility)

🔮 The Future Outlook

AI won’t replace testers — it will augment human capabilities. Testers will focus more on strategy, data science, and model validation as routine tasks become automated.

Summary:
“AI in software testing is not just a trend – it’s a shift. Testers are becoming test engineers, using AI to shift from doing to deciding.”

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

How to Explain Testing Concepts in Tamil

🧪 How to Explain Testing Concepts in Tamil (for Local Learners)

📌 1. Software Testing என்றால் என்ன?

விளக்கம்: ஒரு மென்பொருள் சரியாக வேலை செய்கிறதா, பிழையில்லையா என்பதை பரிசோதிப்பதையே Software Testing என அழைக்கிறோம்.

உதாரணம்: ஒரு மருத்துவமனை செயலியில் நோயாளி டைட்டல் புக் செய்யும் பொழுது, அவன் பெயர், வயது, மருத்துவம் அனைத்தும் சரியாகச் சேமிக்கப்படுகிறதா என்று பார்ப்பது தான் சோதனை.

📌 2. Bug (பிழை) என்றால் என்ன?

விளக்கம்: மென்பொருள் எதிர்பார்த்தபடி வேலை செய்யாமல், தவறான விளைவுகளை தரும் நிலையை “Bug” என்கிறோம்.

உதாரணம்: ஒரு app-ல் "Pay" பட்டனை கிளிக் செய்த பிறகு பணம் விலையில்லை, ஆனால் success message வந்துவிட்டது. இது ஒரு பிழை.

📌 3. Manual Testing (கைமுறை சோதனை):

விளக்கம்: கம்ப்யூட்டரில் உள்ள செயலியை நாமே கையில் ஓட்டி (manually) சோதனை செய்வது.

உதாரணம்: Login செய்யும் பக்கம் திறந்து, சரியான username, password டைப் செய்து, system எப்படி பதிலளிக்கிறது என்று பார்ப்பது.

📌 4. Automation Testing (தானியங்கி சோதனை):

விளக்கம்: ஒரு tool (உதாரணம்: Selenium) பயன்படுத்தி, மென்பொருள் சோதனையை தானாகவே ஓடவைக்கிறோம்.

உதாரணம்: 100 பேர் login செய்யக்கூடியது என்பதை ஒவ்வொன்றாக கையால் சோதிக்காமல், ஒரு program எழுதிவிட்டால் system தான் ஓட்டும்.

📌 5. Test Case (சோதனை வழிமுறை):

விளக்கம்: ஒவ்வொரு செயலை எப்படிச் சோதிக்க வேண்டும் என்ற திட்டமிடல்.

Login பக்கம்:

• Step 1: Username தட்டவும்
• Step 2: Password தட்டவும்
• Step 3: Login பட்டனை அழுத்தவும்

எதிர்பார்ப்பு: முகப்பு பக்கம் வரும்

📌 6. Test Scenario (சோதனை நிலை):

விளக்கம்: பயனர் செயல்முறை அடிப்படையில் பரிசோதிக்க வேண்டிய நிலை.

உதாரணம்: “Patient Appointment Booking” என்பது ஒரு scenario. இதுக்குள் பல test cases இருக்கும் – register, select doctor, select date, confirm.

📌 7. Defect Life Cycle (பிழை வாழ்க்கை சுழற்சி):

விளக்கம்: ஒரு பிழை கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்ட முதல் நாளிலிருந்து அது தீர்க்கப்படும் வரை உள்ள நிலைகள்:

• New → Assigned → Open → Fixed → Retest → Closed (அல்லது Reopen)

📌 8. Regression Testing (மீண்டும் சோதனை):

விளக்கம்: புதிய மாற்றங்களால் பழைய அம்சங்கள் பாதிக்கப்படுகிறதா என்பதை சரிபார்ப்பது.

உதாரணம்: “Search Doctor” பக்கத்தில் மாற்றம் செய்தோம். ஆனால் “Book Appointment” வேலை செய்கிறதா என்று மீண்டும் சோதிக்கிறோம்.

📌 9. Performance Testing (திறன் சோதனை):

விளக்கம்: மென்பொருள் வேகமாக வேலை செய்கிறதா, அதிக load-க்கு எதிராக எப்படி செயல்படுகிறது என்று பார்க்கிறோம்.

Tool: JMeter

📌 10. Bug Reporting (பிழை அறிக்கைகள்):

விளக்கம்: கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்ட பிழைகளை documentation செய்து development குழுவிடம் தெரிவிப்பது.

Tool: Jira, Bugzilla

✅ Bonus Tip:

உண்மையான ஒப்பீடு: ஒரு பொருள் விற்பனைக்கு வருவதற்கு முன்னால் அதை பரிசோதிக்கும் அளவுக்கு QA முக்கியம். மென்பொருள் என்பது மருந்து போல – சரியாக வேலை செய்யாவிட்டால் ஆபத்து.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

A Day in the Life of a QA Working on a Medical App

🩺 A Day in the Life of a QA Working on a Medical App

Working in QA for a medical application isn’t just about writing test cases — it’s about ensuring patient safety, data privacy, and compliance with healthcare regulations. Here's what a typical day looks like for me:

🕘 9:00 AM – Morning Standup

We start the day with a daily stand-up call. The product team, developers, and QAs share updates. For me, this is the time to raise concerns about yesterday’s test results or any blockers in automation runs.

📄 10:00 AM – Reviewing Requirements

Before diving into testing, I read through user stories and FSDs (Functional Spec Documents). In the medical domain, I verify that all HIPAA compliance notes and audit trail requirements are clear.

🧪 11:00 AM – Manual Testing Critical Flows

I start by manually testing critical flows like patient registration, appointment booking, EMR (Electronic Medical Records) viewing, and prescription generation. I focus on edge cases, validation, and field-level security.

💻 1:00 PM – Automation Script Review

Post-lunch, I review the automated Selenium + Java test cases that ran on Jenkins overnight. If any failed, I analyze logs, screenshots, and check whether the failure is due to flaky scripts or actual application issues.

📲 2:30 PM – API Testing with Postman

I test appointment APIs, authentication tokens, and data sync endpoints using Postman. For medical apps, secure transmission of patient data (often in JSON or HL7 format) is critical.

🛡️ 4:00 PM – Compliance & Security Checklist

I perform checks for access control, role-based permissions (Doctor, Nurse, Admin, Patient), and ensure error messages don’t leak sensitive data. I also check that sessions time out securely and that data is encrypted at rest.

📋 5:30 PM – Bug Reporting & Test Case Updates

By end of day, I log all bugs found in Jira, update the test case execution sheet, and document regression impacts if needed. I also prepare for the next day’s test plan and share a status update with the team.

🔚 Final Thoughts

Being a QA in a healthcare app requires technical expertise and a sense of responsibility. One bug can impact real people’s health — so attention to detail and rigorous validation is not optional, it’s mandatory.

If you're working in or planning to join healthcare QA, let me know your experiences or doubts in the comments!

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Case Study: Testing a Food Delivery App (Real Project Tasks)

📦 Case Study: Testing a Food Delivery App (Real Project Tasks)

In this case study, I’ll walk you through how I tested a real-world food delivery application, covering the different types of testing I performed and the actual modules I worked on.

📱 Application Overview

• Platform: Web and Mobile App (iOS & Android)
• Users: Super Admin, Restaurant Admin, Customer, Delivery Boy
• Tech Stack: React, Node.js, MongoDB, Firebase

🧪 Testing Types Performed

• Functional Testing – Verified core features like order placement, payment, and delivery flow.
• UI Testing – Checked responsiveness, alignment, and element visibility across devices.
• Regression Testing – After each deployment or feature enhancement.
• Cross-Browser Testing – Chrome, Firefox, Safari compatibility for web interface.
• API Testing – Used Postman to validate RESTful endpoints for user login, orders, and menu updates.

🧑‍💻 Modules Tested

• 🔐 User Registration & Login (OTP & Email-based)
• 🍔 Restaurant Menu Management (CRUD operations)
• 🛒 Cart & Checkout Flow (Add, remove items, promo codes)
• 💳 Payment Integration (Razorpay/Stripe sandbox testing)
• 🚴 Order Assignment to Delivery Boys
• 📍 Real-Time Order Tracking (Google Maps)
• 📊 Admin Dashboard Analytics & Reports

📝 Sample Test Case Table

Test Case	Expected Result	Status
The user places an order with a valid payment	The order should be accepted and visible in the order history	Pass
The delivery boy accepts the order	Status changes to "Out for delivery"	Pass
Invalid promo code applied	Display appropriate error message	Pass

🐞 Bugs Found

• Promo code applied multiple times in the cart
• The order tracking map is not loading on iOS
• Menu item image upload fails on slow network
• Delivery boy app crashes on auto logout

🔚 Conclusion

This project helped me gain practical experience in end-to-end QA for a multi-user food delivery ecosystem. It involved API testing, real-time validations, UI cross-checks, and regression cycles. A strong reminder that good testing means thinking like both the customer and the developer.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Postman vs Swagger – Which Is Better for QA?

Postman vs Swagger – Which Is Better for QA?

In the world of API testing, Postman and Swagger (now called Swagger UI / OpenAPI) are two of the most commonly used tools by QA professionals. Each tool offers different benefits depending on your project needs, technical skills, and integration with development workflows.

What Is Postman?

• A powerful GUI-based tool for testing REST APIs.
• Supports scripting (Pre-request, Tests), environment variables, and automation.
• Easy to use for manual testing and automation with the Postman Collection Runner and Newman CLI.

What Is Swagger?

• A framework for API design, documentation, and testing using the OpenAPI Specification.
• Swagger UI provides interactive documentation.
• Swagger Editor allows you to define and mock APIs before development.

Postman vs Swagger: Feature Comparison

Feature	Postman	Swagger
Best For	QA Testing and Automation	API Design and Documentation
Ease of Use	Very User Friendly	Requires YAML/JSON knowledge
Automation	Supports via Collection Runner, Newman	Limited built-in automation
API Mocking	Supported via Postman Mock Servers	Supported
Integration	Jira, Jenkins, GitHub, etc.	Mostly with Dev Tools

When to Use Postman?

• You're a QA tester needing quick, efficient REST API testing.
• You need to run test collections and automate regression API testing.
• You work in Agile/Scrum where endpoints change frequently.

When to Use Swagger?

• You are part of the development team responsible for API documentation.
• You want to design APIs before implementation.
• You want developers and testers to visualize endpoints in one place.

Final Verdict

Use both! Postman and Swagger complement each other. Swagger is great for API documentation and early design, while Postman is better for actual testing, validation, and automation.

💡 Pro Tip: Many teams use Swagger to define APIs and Postman to test them.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Top 5 Selenium Interview Questions – With Code Answers

🚀 Top 5 Selenium Interview Questions – With Code Answers

If you're preparing for a QA Automation role using Selenium, here are the most frequently asked Selenium interview questions along with practical code answers using Java and TestNG.

---

1️⃣ What is Selenium WebDriver? How do you launch a browser using it?

Answer: Selenium WebDriver is a tool for automating web application testing. It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements.

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com");

---

2️⃣ How to handle dropdowns in Selenium?

Answer: You can use the Select class to handle dropdowns.

WebElement dropdown = driver.findElement(By.id("country"));
Select select = new Select(dropdown);
select.selectByVisibleText("India");

---

3️⃣ How to handle Alerts in Selenium?

Answer: Selenium provides the Alert interface to handle JavaScript alerts.

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
System.out.println(alert.getText());
alert.accept();

---

4️⃣ What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit()?

• close(): Closes the current active window.
• quit(): Closes all the windows opened by WebDriver and ends the session.

---

5️⃣ How to perform mouse hover action in Selenium?

Answer: Use the Actions class for mouse interactions.

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("menu"));
actions.moveToElement(element).perform();

---

💡 Bonus Tip

Always combine Selenium with TestNG or JUnit for structured automation testing and reporting. Employers prefer candidates who can write modular, reusable test scripts.

📌 Stay tuned for more Selenium QA interview series!

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Checklist for Web Application Testing Before Release

✅ Checklist for Web Application Testing Before Release

Before launching your web application, it's essential to go through a comprehensive testing checklist to ensure quality, functionality, performance, and security. Here's a step-by-step checklist every QA should follow.

1. Functional Testing

• All forms are submitting data correctly
• Input field validations work properly
• Navigation links and buttons function as intended
• Error messages and success alerts are user-friendly
• Business logic flows are verified

2. UI/UX Testing

• Layout is consistent across all pages
• No overlapping or broken UI elements
• Responsive design works on all screen sizes (mobile/tablet/desktop)
• Fonts, colors, and branding match the design guidelines

3. Cross-Browser Testing

• Test in major browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge
• Ensure consistency in layout and behavior

4. Compatibility Testing

• Test on different operating systems: Windows, macOS, Android, iOS
• Verify performance and usability on various devices

5. Performance Testing

• Check page load time under normal and heavy load
• Verify backend response time
• Conduct stress and scalability testing

6. Security Testing

• Check for SQL injection, XSS, CSRF vulnerabilities
• Ensure login, registration, and password reset are secure
• Verify HTTPS implementation and SSL certificate validity

7. Usability Testing

• Test for ease of navigation
• Ensure error handling is user-friendly
• Check for accessibility compliance (Alt tags, keyboard navigation)

8. Integration Testing

• Third-party services (payment gateway, APIs) work properly
• Backend and frontend communication is stable

9. Regression Testing

• Re-run critical test cases after recent code changes
• Ensure new features didn’t break existing functionality

🔚 Final Thoughts

Use this checklist before every major release to catch issues early and ensure a smooth user experience. A well-tested application reduces customer complaints and increases trust.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

How to Perform UI Testing – A Step-by-Step Guide

🧪 How to Perform UI Testing – A Step-by-Step Guide

UI Testing, or User Interface Testing, ensures that all elements of your application’s interface function correctly and look as expected. It’s vital for delivering a high-quality user experience.

🔍 Step-by-Step UI Testing Process

1. Understand the Requirements: Review UI/UX design specifications and user stories.
2. Create a UI Test Plan: Identify key UI elements like forms, buttons, menus, and modal popups to test.
3. Design UI Test Cases: Write test cases that cover layout, responsiveness, visual appearance, and functionality.
4. Set Up the Environment: Ensure consistent browsers, resolutions, and devices are used for testing.
5. Execute Manual or Automated Tests: Use tools like Selenium, Cypress, or manually verify each UI element.
6. Log UI Bugs: If issues arise (e.g., misaligned elements, broken buttons), log them with clear screenshots and steps to reproduce.
7. Retest After Fixes: Once bugs are fixed, perform regression testing to ensure nothing is broken.

🧰 Tools Commonly Used

• Selenium: For automating UI interactions in browsers
• BrowserStack: For cross-browser UI testing
• Jira / Bugzilla: For bug tracking
• Chrome DevTools: For inspecting and debugging UI

✅ Best Practices

• Test on real devices and browsers
• Focus on both appearance and behavior
• Use screenshots or screen recordings for bugs
• Test responsive design thoroughly

📌 Conclusion

UI Testing plays a critical role in building user trust. A clean, consistent, and responsive interface can significantly improve user retention and product success.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Automation vs Manual Testing: When to Choose What?

In software testing, choosing between manual and automation testing is crucial for delivering quality products efficiently. Each has its strengths and limitations. So, when should you go manual, and when should you automate?

This post helps you understand when to use which, with real-world examples, pros and cons, and decision criteria.

What is Manual Testing?

Manual testing means executing test cases manually without any automation tools. Testers validate the application behaviour step-by-step.

Best For:

• Exploratory Testing
• Usability/UX Testing
• Short-term projects
• Ad-hoc or one-time tests

What is Automation Testing?

Automation testing uses tools and scripts to automatically run test cases. It is faster, repeatable, and ideal for large-scale testing.

Best For:

• Regression Testing
• Performance Testing
• Load Testing
• Frequent test executions

Manual vs Automation Testing Comparison

Feature	Manual Testing	Automation Testing
Speed	Slow, human-driven	Fast, machine-driven
Accuracy	May have human errors	High consistency
Cost	Low initial investment	High initial setup cost
Maintenance	None	Script maintenance needed
Best For	UI, exploratory, ad-hoc	Regression, load, smoke

When to Choose Manual Testing

• For short-term or one-time projects
• When testing UI and user experience
• For ad-hoc or exploratory testing
• When the automation setup is not worth it

When to Choose Automation Testing

• For regression testing on stable features
• For frequent or repetitive testing
• To test with large datasets
• To integrate with CI/CD pipelines

Real Examples

Manual Testing Example: Testing a new gift wrapping feature in an e-commerce app – requires human validation.

Automation Example: Automating login, checkout, and payment – critical, repeatable flows.

Best Strategy: Combine Both

Manual testing is great for early development, usability, and exploration. Automation testing is best for speed, accuracy, and scale. Together, they provide complete test coverage.

Summary Table

Scenario	Recommended
First-time testing of new features	Manual
Testing core flows frequently	Automation
Testing visual appearance	Manual
Testing across many datasets	Automation

Conclusion

Use manual testing for flexibility and human insight. Use automation testing for speed and reliability. A smart combination ensures software quality and faster releases.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Daily Routine of a QA Tester in a Product Company

🗓️ Daily Routine of a QA Tester in a Product Company

In a product-based company, QA testers play a key role in ensuring the stability, performance, and usability of the product. Unlike service-based projects, where tasks vary by client, product teams have ongoing feature updates, version releases, and regression cycles.

---

⏰ Typical Daily Schedule (9:30 AM – 6:30 PM)

Time	Activity
9:30 AM – 10:00 AM	Email & Bug Tracker Check
10:00 AM – 10:30 AM	Daily Stand-up Meeting
10:30 AM – 12:30 PM	Test Case Execution / Retesting
12:30 PM – 1:30 PM	Lunch Break
1:30 PM – 3:00 PM	Feature Testing / Exploratory Testing
3:00 PM – 4:00 PM	Bug Reporting & Documentation
4:00 PM – 5:30 PM	Regression/Automation/Smoke Tests
5:30 PM – 6:00 PM	Sync with Dev Team
6:00 PM – 6:30 PM	Planning Tomorrow’s Tasks

🔧 Tools Commonly Used

Purpose	Tools
Bug Tracking	Jira, Bugzilla, GitHub Issues
Test Case Management	TestRail, Zephyr, Xray
Automation	Selenium, TestNG, Maven
API Testing	Postman, Swagger
Performance Testing	JMeter
CI/CD	Jenkins, GitLab CI
Version Control	Git, GitHub, GitLab

👨‍💻 Real-World Task Examples

• ✅ Retest Bug #456 on staging (Change Password issue)
• 🧪 Execute API Test Cases for "Add Product"
• 🐛 Raise new bug: "Search function returns blank results"
• 🔁 Run regression suite after a code push
• 📈 Share daily test report in Slack/Teams

💡 Best Practices QA Testers Follow Daily

• Update test case status regularly (Pass/Fail/Blocked)
• Verify logs during bug investigation
• Communicate clearly with devs using reproducible bug steps
• Use data-driven testing for forms and filters
• Track metrics like bugs found/fixed per sprint
• Participate in sprint planning & retrospectives

🧘‍♂️ Optional Additions (Team Dependent)

• Attend UX feedback or design review calls
• Join the release deployment validation
• Create scripts for generating test data
• Conduct a peer review of test cases
• Help onboard junior QAs or interns

📌 Summary

A QA tester’s daily routine is a combination of:

• Structured testing (manual, automation, API)
• Exploratory analysis (to find edge-case bugs)
• Collaboration with Dev, PM, Design, and Product
• Tool usage for CI/CD, versioning, bug reporting, and validation

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Regression Testing vs Retesting – What’s the Difference?

🔁 Regression Testing vs Retesting – What’s the Difference?

---

🔹 What is Regression Testing?

Definition: Regression testing is performed to verify that existing functionality still works after changes like bug fixes, enhancements, or code updates.

Purpose: To ensure that new code changes have not unintentionally broken existing features.

Example: A bug in the login module is fixed. After the fix, regression testing will check login, signup, and dashboard access—all related modules—to confirm that nothing else is broken.

🔹 What is Retesting?

Definition: Retesting is performed to verify that a specific bug fix works correctly using the same test case that initially failed.

Purpose: To confirm that the reported defect has been successfully fixed.

Example: If the "Submit" button didn’t work during the last test cycle and a fix was made, retesting involves checking that exact scenario again to verify that the bug is resolved.

🆚 Key Differences Between Regression Testing and Retesting

Criteria	Regression Testing	Retesting
Definition	Testing to confirm that new changes haven’t broken existing features	Testing to confirm a specific bug has been fixed
Test Case Used	Reusable old test cases	Same test case that failed earlier
Scope	Broad – covers multiple related modules	Narrow – focuses only on the fixed defect
Execution	Can be automated	Usually manual (critical checks)
Priority	After every build or code change	After a particular defect is fixed
Objective	Find side effects of changes	Verify that the fix works correctly
Dependency	Can be performed even if no bugs are found	Performed only when a bug is reported and fixed

🧪 Real-World Example

Scenario: A defect was found where the "Change Password" button was not working.

• Retesting: Check only the "Change Password" feature to verify the bug is fixed.
• Regression Testing: Check "Change Password", "Update Profile", "Login", "Logout"—all related user settings to ensure nothing else broke due to the fix.

✅ When to Use

Situation	Use
You fixed a known bug	✅ Retesting
You added a new feature or updated the codebase	✅ Regression Testing
Before a release or sprint demo	✅ Regression Testing
Verifying if a previously failed test now passes	✅ Retesting

📌 Conclusion

Retesting is about checking the fix.

Regression Testing is about checking the impact of the fix.

Both are essential for quality assurance. Retesting ensures bugs are fixed; regression ensures new bugs aren’t introduced.

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

Top 10 Manual Testing Scenarios Every Fresher Should Know

1️⃣ Login Functionality

Why it matters: Login pages are everywhere. Testing this helps ensure only valid users gain access.

• Valid login with correct credentials
• Log in with incorrect email/password
• Blank email and password fields
• Password masked while typing
• “Remember Me” checkbox works properly

2️⃣ Registration Page

Why it matters: Sign-up forms are critical for user onboarding. Errors here could stop users from joining.

• All mandatory fields checked
• Email format validation
• Password and Confirm Password match
• Error message on existing email
• Terms and conditions checkbox behaviour

3️⃣ Search Functionality

Why it matters: Good search features improve user experience and data discovery.

• Search with a valid keyword returns results
• Search with no keyword shows a message
• Special characters handled correctly
• Auto-suggestions work (if enabled)

4️⃣ Form Validation

Why it matters: Ensures data is captured correctly and safely before submission.

• Mandatory fields cannot be skipped
• Validations like email, phone number, etc.
• Field limits and special character restrictions
• Error messages are shown correctly

5️⃣ Add to Cart (e-Commerce)

Why it matters: For shopping applications, testing cart behaviour is critical.

• Product added to cart successfully
• Quantity updated correctly
• Cart total updates automatically
• Removing an item reflects immediately

6️⃣ Payment Gateway Testing

Why it matters: Payments are sensitive. Even minor issues can cost customers.

• Valid credit/debit card payment success
• Invalid card info shows proper error
• Payment cancellation redirects properly
• The transaction summary appears after success

7️⃣ Profile Management

Why it matters: Users expect to manage their profiles without bugs.

• Edit profile data and save successfully
• Blank or invalid data validation
• Profile image upload works
• Success and error messages display properly

8️⃣ File Upload and Download

Why it matters: A Common feature in resumes, reports, and certificates.

• Upload supported file types only (e.g., .jpg, .pdf)
• File size limit enforced
• Download starts automatically or shows a preview
• Security validation to prevent malicious uploads

9️⃣ Logout and Session Expiry

Why it matters: Essential for account security and user control.

• The user should log out and be redirected to the login page
• Session timeout after inactivity
• Accessing the URL after logging out should show that the session has expired

🔟 UI & Responsiveness Testing

Why it matters: First impression matters. The app must look and work great on all devices.

• UI aligned properly (buttons, input fields, etc.)
• Page loads correctly on different screen sizes
• Mobile menu toggles work
• No overlapping or cut text

---

💡 Pro Tip:

Use a test case format to write these scenarios clearly. Include:

• Test Case ID
• Title
• Steps
• Test Data
• Expected Result
• Status (Pass/Fail)

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.

How to Write Effective Test Cases – Real-time Examples Included

In this post, I’ll guide you step-by-step on how to write clear, reusable, and practical test cases, along with real-time examples and templates.

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📌 What Is a Test Case?

A test case is a set of actions executed to verify a particular feature or functionality of your software application. Each test case includes test steps, expected results, inputs, and actual results.

🎯 Why Are Effective Test Cases Important?

• ✅ Ensure coverage of all scenarios
• ✅ Help developers understand the issue clearly
• ✅ Speed up test execution and defect tracking
• ✅ Make regression testing easier
• ✅ Useful for training and future references

🧩 Components of a Good Test Case

Field	Description
Test Case ID	Unique identifier (e.g., TC_UI_001)
Test Case Title	Short, meaningful description
Pre-Conditions	Conditions that must be met before execution
Test Steps	Clear steps to perform the test
Test Data	Input data needed for the test
Expected Result	What should happen after execution
Actual Result	What actually happened
Status	Pass / Fail / In Progress
Remarks	Notes, screenshots, or references

📘 Real-Time Example: Login Functionality

Requirement: The User should be able to log in using a valid email and password. If credentials are invalid, show an error message.

✅ Test Case 1: Valid Login

• Test Case ID: TC_LOGIN_001
• Title: Login with valid credentials
• Pre-Condition: User already has a registered account
• Test Steps:
  1. Go to the Login page
  2. Enter a valid email
  3. Enter a valid password
  4. Click Login
• Test Data: Email: user@example.com | Password: 123456
• Expected Result: User should be redirected to the Dashboard
• Actual Result: (To be filled after testing)
• Status: Pass/Fail
• Remarks: Screenshot attached if it failed

❌ Test Case 2: Invalid Password

• Test Case ID: TC_LOGIN_002
• Title: Login with invalid password
• Pre-Condition: User already has a registered account
• Test Steps:
  1. Go to the Login page
  2. Enter a valid email
  3. Enter the wrong password
  4. Click Login
• Test Data: Email: user@example.com | Password: wrong123
• Expected Result: Error message: "Invalid credentials"
• Actual Result: (To be filled after testing)
• Status: Pass/Fail

🚫 Test Case 3: Blank Fields

• Test Case ID: TC_LOGIN_003
• Title: Login with blank email and password
• Pre-Condition: None
• Test Steps:
  1. Go to the Login page
  2. Leave email & password blank
  3. Click Login
• Expected Result: Validation error messages displayed
• Actual Result: (To be filled after testing)
• Status: Pass/Fail

✅ Tips for Writing Better Test Cases

• ✅ Keep test case steps simple and clear
• ✅ Use consistent naming conventions
• ✅ Focus on one functionality per test case
• ✅ Include positive & negative test scenarios
• ✅ Update your test cases regularly
• ✅ Add screenshots or references if needed
• ✅ Avoid repetition – use shared preconditions

🧪 Additional Scenarios to Cover (Same Login Module)

• Log in with an unregistered email
• Log in with SQL injection attempt
• The login button is disabled without input
• Login page responsiveness on mobile
• Session timeout after login

👋 Hi, I'm Suriya — QA Engineer with 4+ years of experience in manual, API & automation testing.

📬 Contact Me | LinkedIn | GitHub

📌 Follow for: Real-Time Test Cases, Bug Reports, Selenium Frameworks.