Testing is the process of identifying defects, where a defect is any variance between actual and expected results. “A mistake in coding is called an Error, an error found by a tester is called a Defect, a defect accepted by the development team then is called Bug, build does not meet the requirements then it Is Failure.”
Although the terms "mistake," "error," "bug," "defect," "fault," and "failure" are often used interchangeably in everyday language, in the world of software development and quality assurance, they have distinct meanings. Here are some definitions to help differentiate between them:
1. Mistake:
- A mistake is a human action that produces an incorrect result. In software development, this could be a coding mistake, such as a typo or a logic error, made by a developer.
2. Error:
- An error is a deviation from the expected behaviour of a program, which can occur due to a mistake made by a developer or because of some other external factor, such as hardware malfunction or network failure.
3. Bug:
- A bug is a specific type of error that is caused by a fault in the code, which can be as simple as a missing semicolon or as complex as a race condition. Bugs are typically discovered during testing or after the software has been released.
4. Defect:
- A defect is a flaw in the software that causes it to deviate from its intended behaviour. This could be due to a design flaw, a coding mistake, or an error in the requirements specification.
5. Fault:
- A fault is a defect that exists in the software but has not yet been activated or triggered. For example, a race condition in the code may not cause a problem until the software is run on a specific hardware configuration.
6. Failure:
- A failure is an event in which the software does not behave as expected, resulting in a loss of service or data. Failures can be caused by errors, bugs, defects, or faults, and can occur at any stage of the software development process.
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